异丙酚联合米索前列醇在人工流产术中应用研究

目的:探讨早孕妇女应用异丙酚行无痛人工流产术前阴道放置米索前列醇效果。方法:选择自愿行无痛人工流产术的早孕妇女240例随机分3组,于人工流产术前不同时间阴道放置米索前列醇(200μg)两组和对照组(未用米索前列醇),观察术中扩宫的难易程度、手术时间、术中出血量及手术并发症。结果:阴道放置米索前列醇组术中无阻力扩宫的例数均明显多于未放置米索前列醇组(P<0.01),手术时间亦明显缩短(P<0.01),术中出血量明显减少(P<0.01),麻醉药用量亦减少(P<0.01),术中反应少(P<0.01)。术前1～2小时阴道后穹隆放置米索前列醇组较术前3～4小时放药组术前腹痛率及阴道出血率均明显减少(P<0.01)。结论:术前1～2小时阴道后穹隆放置米索前列醇200μg可起到扩张宫颈,提高手术质量,减少手术并发症效果。     

大剂量辅酶Q_(10)在治疗轻中度血管性认知障碍中的疗效评价

目的探讨大剂量辅酶Q10在治疗轻中度血管性认知障碍的疗效评价。方法在2010年10月至2011年6月我院神经科门诊经确诊的轻中度血管性认知障碍的患者86例,随机均分为对照组及观察组。对照组控制各种血管危险因素治疗;观察组在控制各种血管危险因素基础上加用辅酶Q10 100 mg,每天3次。两组疗程均为2年。结果治疗后观察组MMSE评分明显大于对照组,且差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组Barthel指数明显大于对照组,且差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论辅酶Q10具有抗氧化作用和膜稳定作用,能延缓轻中度血管性认知障碍的发展,且在临床运用中具有良好的安全性和耐受性。     

从研究者角度谈Ⅰ期临床试验健康受试者的管理和权益保护

Ⅰ期临床试验是药物临床研究的起始阶段,是整个药物研发链中十分重要的一环。Ⅰ期临床试验通常是以健康受试者为主要研究对象的单中心临床研究,健康受试者不但不能获得疾病治疗的益处,还常常需要承受高剂量试验药物所引起的不良反应。对Ⅰ期临床试验受试者的保护应贯穿在试验的整个过程中,从方案设计、伦理审查和知情同意、保险和研究协议、身份识别和个人信息保护、临床观察及安全性评价等方面进行严格管理。     

The potential value of Copeptin and Pentraxin3 for evaluating the severity of coronary stenosis in patients with coronary artery disease

IntroductionCoronary artery disease (CAD) is an ischemic heart disease due to the narrowing of the coronary arteries resulting from atherosclerosis. Blood biomarkers have been well utilized for the diagnosis and prognosis of CAD. However, the value of biomarkers for evaluating coronary atherosclerosis remains to be clarified. This clinical investigation aimed to explore the potential value of biomarkers for evaluating the severity of coronary stenosis in CAD patients.MethodsThe extent of coronary atherosclerosis was accessed by the angiography-based quantitative measurement Gensini score (GS). Blood levels of Brain natriuretic peptide, Copeptin (CPP), Phosphodiesterase 9A, and Pentraxin3 (PTX3) were measured in 56 patients divided into three levels as low GS (n = 17), intermediate GS (n = 19) and high GS (n = 20) based on GS tertiles.ResultsWe found that plasma concentrations of CPP and PTX3 were significantly elevated in patients with high GS compared with the low GS group. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis showed that CPP and PTX3 were positively correlated with the GS. Furthermore, Receiver operating characteristics analysis demonstrated that both CPP and PTX3 exhibited discriminative capacities for evaluating the extent of coronary stenosis.ConclusionsLaboratory tests of CPP and PTX3 via non-invasive means may provide novel information for risk stratification and disease management in CAD patients before invasive angiographic approaches. This study opens the door for enormous opportunities to explore new biomarkers with better efficiency, sensitivity and specificity as alternative/additional methods for evaluating the severity of coronary atherosclerosis in CAD patients in future research.     

Influence of ADRB1, ADRB2, and COMT Genetic Polymorphisms on Postoperative Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Cardiac Valve Surgery

PurposeThe aim of this study is to prospectively investigate the influence of ADRB and COMT gene polymorphisms on postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing cardiac surgery.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 223 patients undergoing elective cardiac valve surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass. Demographic information, intraoperative data, postoperative data, and blood samples were collected. Patients were genotyped for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ADRB1 rs1801253, ADRB2 rs1042713, and COMT rs4680. Major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) were used as the primary outcome to evaluate the postoperative prognosis of patients. Secondary outcomes included the duration of mechanical ventilatory support, intensive care unit stay, postoperative hospital stay, and postoperative need of inotropic or vasoactive agents.FindingsThe overall incidence of MACCEs was 15.2%. Among 3 SNP loci, only different genotyped carriers of ADRB2 rs1042713 had statistically significant differences in the incidence of MACCEs (P = 0.005), especially for acute kidney injury (P = 0.023). The proportions of postoperative norepinephrine demand of patients carrying the AA genotype of ADRB2 rs1042713 (P = 0.016) and the AG genotype of COMT rs4680 (P = 0.018) were low. The duration of mechanical ventilatory support (P = 0.034) and postoperative hospital stay (P = 0.045) of patients carrying the AG genotype of COMT rs4680 was shortest. After multiple logistic regression analysis, we found that the G allele carriers of ADRB2 rs1042713 had a higher risk of MACCEs (AG vs AA genotype: odds ratio [OR] = 4.348; 95% CI, 1.529–12.359, P = 0.006; GG vs AA genotype: OR = 3.722; 95% CI, 1.060–13.071; P = 0.040), in particular with acute kidney injury (AG vs AA genotype: OR = 5.273; 95% CI, 1.093–25.451; P = 0.038; GG vs AA genotype: OR = 7.533; 95% CI, 1.275–44.522; P = 0.026). There was no SNP-SNP interaction found among the 3 SNPs with multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis.ImplicationThe ADRB2 rs1042713 polymorphism might be related to prognosis of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Patients carrying the G allele of ADRB2 rs1042713 had a higher risk of developing MACCEs, especially acute kidney injury. chictr.org.com identifier: ChiCTR1800015105.     

Placental Impact of Dietary Supplements: More Than Micronutrients

PurposeMaternal nutrition is a key modifier of fetal growth and development. However, many maternal diets in the United States do not meet nutritional recommendations. Dietary supplementation is therefore necessary to meet nutritional goals. The effects of many supplements on placental development and function are poorly understood. In this review, we address the therapeutic potential of maternal dietary supplementation on placental development and function in both healthy and complicated pregnancies.MethodsThis is a narrative review of original research articles published between February 1970 and July 2020 on dietary supplements consumed during pregnancy and placental outcomes (including nutrient uptake, metabolism and delivery, as well as growth and efficiency). Impacts of placental changes on fetal outcomes were also reviewed. Both human and animal studies were included.FindingsWe found evidence of a potential therapeutic benefit of several supplements on maternal and fetal outcomes via their placental impacts. Our review supports a role for probiotics as a placental therapeutic, with effects that include improved inflammation and lipid metabolism, which may prevent preterm birth and poor placental efficiency. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids (as found in fish oil) during pregnancy tempers the negative effects of maternal obesity but may have little placental impact in healthy lean women. The beneficial effects of choline supplementation on maternal health and fetal growth are largely attributable to its placental impacts. l-arginine supplementation has a potent provascularization effect on the placenta, which may underlie its fetal growth–promoting properties.ImplicationsThe placenta is exquisitely sensitive to dietary supplements. Pregnant women should consult their health care practitioner before continuing or initiating use of a dietary supplement. Because little is known about impacts of many supplements on placental and long-term offspring health, more research is required before robust clinical recommendations can be made.